Author: Emily

Metal fabrication has a long history dating all the way back to the Ancient Greeks and Romans. Sheet metal fabrication, however, didn’t come into play until much later. In this article, we’ll be exploring the history of metal fabrication and how it eventually formed into the methods of sheet metal fabrication UK we recognise today.

Iron working and the early days of metal

The introduction of ironworking in Greece back in the late 10th century BC kicked off the Iron Age in Europe. The Ancient Greeks made basic armour and weapons by hammering iron ore. By contrast, the Roman Empire increased mining for iron and started producing spoons, saucepans, door fittings, and several other items that still use sheet metal today.

Even though the Greeks and Romans propelled the production of iron forward, it was in India where steel manufacturing began in small amounts. This was perceived as a highly-skilled art and very labour intensive – so much so that steel was prized and sought after for several centuries.

Damascus steel swords in particular, were considered to be the best on the market as they were strong and could be sharpened to a fine but durable edge. The skill of making Damascus steel was lost, and even with modern technology and advanced manufacturing techniques, recent attempts to recreate it have failed.

Skipping ahead a bit to the medieval era reveals the production of cast iron in Europe (it has been made in China since the 5th century BC but not very much of it). It was during the medieval period that production techniques became more refined, and it saw the manufacturing of wrought iron in big quantities using water-powered bellows.

Towards the tail end of this time period and at the beginning of the Renaissance, the theories that have influenced modern processes of sheet metal fabrication started to fall into place, the main one being the rolling mill.

The cold rolling mill and Leonardo da Vinci

There is no evidence that Leonardo da Vinci ever built the rolling mill he designed, despite records of his sketches for such a project. The idea for the mill was introduced in the early 16th century as a way to smooth metal to a consistent depth. However, it’s not until the 17th century that we see proof of a rolling mill being used to manufacture thinner precision sheet metal than what could be made with hammers.

There is written evidence that in the late 17th century, sheet metal was produced in a way that sheet metal fabricators would recognise today. This being a cold bar being rolled and made into thin sheet metal parts.

The Industrial Revolution

The industrial revolution was the key turning point for metal history in the 18th century. Abraham Darby initially started fabricating iron using coke for the smelting process and achieved his aim of making thin, durable, and cheap cast iron. The introduction of the new process led to a major increase in cast-iron production in Europe and was a key factor in the onset of the industrial revolution.

It was during the industrial revolution when the production of steel began to dominate the sector. Henry Bessemer developed a process that made it possible to mass-produce steel cheaply. This steel was used extensively during the industrial revolution for things like railway tracks and ships. It was quickly understood that steel offered better strength and durability.

Manufacturing sheet metal became self-fulfilling during the industrial revolution. As engineering and machinery soared it was essential that metal could be easily formed, cut, and joined to create steam engines for a wide variety of uses. Steam engines were then used to produce increasingly bigger and thinner metal and the cycle continued.

Inexpensive sheet metal fabrication

After the industrial revolution, sheet metal could easily be made at a low cost. Different types of sheet metal were introduced, with varying levels of carbon, alloys, and other additions. All of this led to a surge in the use of sheet metal that steel fabricators still see today.

The sheet metal industry started to see new ways of working with metal, with the abundance of different, inexpensive metals. Whilst the basics like forming and punching have been adapted over time to offer impressive accuracy and quality, there have also been a lot of modern advancements such as laser-cutting and rapid prototyping.

Modern techniques

Now we’ve reached the modern day and the evolution of sheet metal fabrication continues to grow from its humble beginnings, playing a key role in our everyday lives. New methods and processes are being discovered and tools are becoming more precise to improve accuracy and quality.

For efficient and high-quality sheet metal fabrication in Sheffield and other fabrication services, contact FEM today.

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Apprenticeships provide an exciting and beneficial opportunity both for employers and employees. In industries and roles like steel fabrication, that are very hands on, an apprenticeship is an ideal way for those starting out to gain the key knowledge, skills, and training that will stay with them throughout the rest of their working life.

What a fabrication apprenticeship could involve

The fabrication and welding industry are naturally woven into each aspect of our lives, from the cars we drive to the construction of the buildings we visit and work in. Steel fabrication, welding, and engineering job roles require well-trained individuals who are able to operate various pieces of technical equipment and apply a range of techniques.

Metal fabrication apprenticeships often involve helping to make products and parts from raw or partially finished materials by cutting, shaping, and joining sections of metal together. You might also carry out repairs on equipment and machinery, which will be an invaluable skill for your career as a fabricator.

What are the benefits of an apprenticeship in fabrication?

If you like working with your hands and want a rewarding career, fabrication and welding could be for you. Below are just a few examples of the benefits you’ll experience when you start a fabrication apprenticeship.

Earn while you learn

One of the biggest advantages to doing a fabrication apprenticeship is that you can earn money to support yourself whilst you gain the skills, qualifications, and experience you need to kickstart your career.

Support from trade professionals

An apprenticeship gives you invaluable insider access to years of experience that comes with working alongside fabrication specialists. Trade experts are there to answer questions and guide apprentices through on-the-job training so they will be set up for success going forward.

Gain valuable experience

Fabrication and welding are highly desirable skills and by doing an apprenticeship you’ll get a head start from other candidates who don’t have the level of experience that you’ve built up throughout your course. An apprenticeship involves more than just studying from books – you’ll also learn through hands-on experience. You’ll attend classes for a few hours each week to reinforce what you’ve learned and prepare for any new practical skills you’ll be starting next.

Achieve industry-recognised qualifications

A registered apprenticeship programme gives you valuable skills and industry-recognised training that you can take to any part of the country if you need to and be highly employable in the industry.

Our view on apprenticeships

At FEM, we are actively involved in giving apprenticeship opportunities to those who are interested in fabrication engineering careers. Once they have completed their training many apprentices stay with us and continue to grow and develop, working their way up to take on more responsibilities and senior roles within the business.

We work in a wide range of industries such as technology, automotive, and agricultural. This means apprentices with us can expect a varied and exciting career where they will learn cutting edge manufacturing practices using the most up to date and modern technology, acquiring a wealth of skills and experience.

As a family owned and run business, specialising in fabrication in Sheffield we understand the importance of having the right team by your side to produce high quality products and provide the best service. That’s why we feel having apprentices in the fabrication industry are so important to growth and development and creating a skilled team you can trust.

If you need metal work for your business, whether it’s a new staircase, platform, safety guards, or mezzanine floors, you might be thinking about using a bespoke fabrication service. To help you make this decision, we’ve put together some of the most important and convincing reasons why custom metal fabrication services will be beneficial to you below. 

Ideal for many businesses 

Businesses across a wide range of industries and sectors can benefit from tailored products such as bespoke steel fabrications. This is because it helps them to differentiate themselves and stand out from other companies, rather than opting for standard metal fabrication metal work that everyone has seen before in other companies. 

As well as this your business will likely become more efficient in its operations and can ensure any specific standards are met. By having the exact custom fabrication requirements, you need you won’t need to compromise or try to make standard pre-built options fit that might not be right for you. 

Having customised metal products, all the way down to the smallest of details, can give your business the highest levels of convenience. You can offer optimum solutions to your customers, clients, and colleagues, boosting satisfaction levels for everyone and potentially boosting your profits if your bespoke metal work attracts new business. 

Meet your individual needs 

Not all projects and specifications are the same, so it makes sense that a one-size-fits-all approach would be difficult to apply to all industries and metal work products. If you have very specific and unique requirements for a metal project or need a one-off solution, taking advantage of custom services such as the bespoke stainless steel fabrication design service we can offer at FEM, will guarantee that you get precisely what you’re looking for from a particular project. 

Better quality 

By opting for custom fabrication services, you are getting access to materials, skills, and expertise that are a cut above the standard metal work products that haven’t been designed or manufactured with your business or needs in mind. This will make sure you receive high quality solutions from beginning to end. Specialist fabricators like us will take the time to listen and understand your requirements, to take care of every detail to the best standard. 

Durable products 

A lot of businesses may be tempted by prefabricated metal elements over a custom build because they’re cheaper. However, this won’t necessarily give you value for money over time. Prefabricated components might not be as good quality as custom made metal work, meaning you ultimately would spend more money replacing any products that aren’t durable and don’t last very long. 

Also, pre-built parts might not be designed to fit very well into the intended purpose of your project. This means if doesn’t fit for purpose you could need to replace it a lot sooner than you had planned. 

Bespoke metal fabrication will give you confidence and peace of mind that the product you are paying for is well-made, specifically designed to meet your requirements, and will be highly durable and long-lasting. 

Access to skilled services 

Bespoke metal fabrication is a highly specialised service that takes a lot of knowledge and experience. If you’re looking for professional fabrication in Sheffield, FEM can help. 

With us, you’ll have access to a passionate family run business with well-trained engineers and designers who are committed to creating quality products that perfectly meet your demands. Additionally, your products will be manufactured using the latest techniques, methods, and technologies, which you cannot be certain you would get if your purchased prefabricated metal work components. 

Looking for Bespoke Metal Fabrication?

If you’re looking for specialist steel fabrication in Sheffield or any other bespoke fabrication services, please don’t hesitate to contact us. Alternatively, you can request a free quote for your project through our website. 

 

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Galvanising is a process that is commonly used in the metal fabrication industry. This is mostly because it allows fabricators to properly protect their steel using an efficient and effective process. There are many reasons why galvanisation is used over other protective coating methods. Below is just a few of the benefits for galvanising in fabrication. 

Firstly, what is galvanising? 

The process of galvanising involves using a zinc coating to hot dip galvanise your steel. The zinc then reacts with the steel to create a protective seal around the metal with the aim of minimising corrosion over time. Coating the metal ensures there’s a sacrificial anode to protect it and that it can withstand any conditions for the longest time possible. When steel is galvanised, it prevents any corrosive materials from touching or damaging it. 

What are the benefits of galvanisation in fabrication? 

Saves time 

Galvanising is a fast process. The coating only needs to be dipped once and the metal will be protected. Other coatings need to be sprayed or painted which takes significantly longer. The time it takes for the coating to dry is also a lot quicker, galvanisation only takes around one day to set, whilst other methods can take much longer. 

Longevity 

Galvanised steel lasts considerably longer than other treatment processes. The steel will be covered and high-quality corrosion protection in place, meaning you won’t need to go through the hassle of replacing it further down the line. Steel that has been galvanised comes with a long-life guarantee, so it’s sure to last. 

Easy to maintain 

With galvanised steel, you won’t need any harsh chemicals in order to effectively maintain the steel or prevent corrosion. The steel already has a protective cover from the galvanisation process during steel fabrication. The only maintenance that will be required to keep the steel looking fresh and functioning as it should is the occasional wipe down a couple of times a year. 

Simple inspection process 

Galvanisation creates a covering that’s continuous and strong, so you don’t need to worry about what’s underneath it. Any flaws will be easy to see and therefore can quickly be addressed. The lack of flaws you will get from this coating will allow the inspection process to be streamlined, making overall fabrication faster and more efficient. 

Aesthetic appeal 

The coating comes in a matte-grey colour which means it can easily match its surroundings, so you can save time on painting it. Also, as the metal ages, the colour won’t fade which means it will always look aesthetically appealing. If you decide that you want to change the colour, it is simple to powder coat it, ensuring a smooth and seamless colour change. 

Cost efficiency 

Given that galvanisation is so quick and effective in streamlining, it’s a process that will save you time and money on labour hours. In addition, the products that are used for coating are a lot less expensive than other metal preservation products. Due to the coating having such good longevity, you will save money over time because you won’t need to replace the coating or the product itself. 

What are some common considerations in galvanised steel metal fabrication? 

As you can see galvanisation in fabrication is a cost effective and easily accessible process for producing a steel product that’s long-lasting with a significantly greater aesthetic appeal than bare metal. However, a number of considerations still need to be made when preparing metal to be galvanised: 

• Bending steel- when bending the steel, careful thought must be put into when the steel should be bent. If the steel is bent after galvanisation, there is a greater risk of cracking. Usually though, this cracking can be fixed. 
• Bolts, nails, and fasteners- because bolts, nails, and fasteners are essential to the integrity of a project, galvanisation is a considerably stronger option than just coating steel for this purpose. Galvanisation makes sure there is a full coverage coating that is crucial to the lifespan of steel fasteners. 
• Dulling- one of the most appealing features of galvanisation is its initial shiny appearance. Even though this shine can dull as time passes, many people prefer the duller look of galvanised steel that has been weathered for a period of time. If it is wanted, this finish can be achieved as part of the initial design process. 
• Masking- in some cases, you might not want to galvanise the entire surface of a steel part. This can easily be resolved through masking with special tapes, paints, pastes, and greases. Though it is simple, masking isn’t completely fool proof, and some grinding might be needed to get back to the original steel product. 
• Material handling- checking if lifting points are needed in the design is an important consideration before galvanising steel. Lifting points enable coverage to be completed without leaving unwanted marks on the metal. 
• Moving parts- when moving parts are involved in a project, each piece should be galvanised separately and then put together. If it is not done this way moving parts might freeze in place or bond to each other. 
• Surface condition- starting with appropriately prepared steel is essential to the success of the metallurgical bond that is achieved during the galvanisation process. A common preparation method is to clean the steel by immersing it in a chemical pre-treatment bath. Abrasive blasting might also be required when sand, welding slag, or paints are present. 
• Warping and steel distortion- design plays a key role in preventing warping and the distortion of the steel during galvanisation. Having surfaces with symmetrical designs and similar levels of thickness can lower the risk of warping. When galvanising steel that has asymmetrical or thin-walled designs, temporary bracing can help protect against warping and distortion. 
• Welding- the best way to guarantee even galvanisation is to galvanise after welding. Sometimes though, this just isn’t possible. In those situations, all welding materials need to be well-monitored for compatibility with the base steel for a quality weld. 

Contact FEM today to discuss your fabrication engineering needs. Our team are experts in their field and always ensure the highest standard of fabrication service.  

 

CNC (Computer Numerically Controlled) punching is a manufacturing process commonly used for sheet metal fabrication. A CNC sheet metal punch is designed to stamp clear and specific shapes into pieces of metal and sheet metal parts. 

CNC punch presses are electromechanical devices that use inputs from computer programming to move tools and create patterns from a software file. The devices are available with one head and a tool rail or a multi-tool turret. 

 

How does CNC programming work? 

Programming the punch press depends on a couple of different factors. The desired pattern is provided in either a 2D DXF or a DWG file format or as a 3D format in the CAD (Computer-Aided Design) file. 

This data is then added to the CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) phase of the cycle with the goal of selecting the best tool for the job and to fabricate the flat sheet metal element. The CNC nest will play a role in this phase when it comes to determining the most effective layout for the size of the sheet metal. 

The CNC machine can then move the sheet metal to accurately position it under the punching arm, so the planned pattern can be punched and generated. Some machines can only move in one or two ways whilst some are able to move along the x, y, and z-axis. 

What can be made using CNC Punching? 

CNC punching is a highly versatile process, meaning the sky is the limit for what is able to be machined, whether its stainless steel, brass, plastic, or even wood, they can all be punched. The thickness that can be successfully machined ranges from 0.5mm to 6.0mm. So, as long as your chosen material falls within this range, it can be used in the machine. 

There are also no restrictions when it comes to design and pattern. You don’t need to stick to the standard circle or rectangle, designs can be cut out to your specifications. CNC punching machines can use single hits, overlapping geometries, and a number of different tools to generate the most complex shapes. 

What are the benefits of CNC Punching? 

Increased productivity 

When a design has been selected and created, it can be used as many times as you need. This easy repeatability improves productivity by taking away technical, intensive, and time-consuming manual processes. 

Speed and accuracy 

The automation and repeatability also make this method much faster than any other similar processes. No matter how complicated the design is, the overall production time is reduced. There is no need to compromise on accuracy either, in fact, CNC machines are often used for some of the most precise and complex shapes and machining. 

Efficiency 

CNC punching machines are fast and accurate whilst reducing the amount of waste being produced. Many machines now have internal quality detectors installed, so when a deficiency is found, the machine will stop punching to avoid any further waste. 

Safe and cost effective 

Thanks to the internal quality detectors, waste in these machines is kept to a minimum. This saves money in the long term because no raw materials will be thrown away. Additionally, as the entire process is automated, there aren’t any risks being posed to the operator, ensuring a hazard-free environment. 

How can we help? 

We are a family-run steel fabrication businesses that has been operating for more than 20 years. As experienced structural steel fabricators, we understand the importance of providing a first-class service to our customers as well as ensuring the highest quality steel products. 

Contact our team today to discuss how our structural steel fabrication service, design fabrication, or any of our other services can help you and your project. 

 

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Yes, you can weld stainless steel. Stainless steel is well known for its resistance to corrosion and use in cases where hygiene is particularly important. Despite its tendency to distort easily when heated, its lower thermal conductivity means the heat energy is not dispersed from the welding zone as quickly, which is helpful during the welding process. It is easy to work with if you want to weld it, but with our tips and advice below, you can gain a greater insight into welding stainless steel. 

Is it difficult to weld stainless steel? 

Welding stainless steel can be done with the MIG welding process, TIG welding, or MMA (stick welding). Like with any weldable metal, stainless steel has its own quirks and behaviours when it is under the arc. Getting the best result from this alloy, when it has a minimum 10.5% chromium content, can take an extremely long time.  

Along with the equally troublesome aluminium, it is, without doubt, one of the more difficult materials to weld. However, it is by no means impossible. 

Which welding method is best for stainless steel? 

Deciding on the right process essentially comes down to the details of the task at hand and the qualities you need from the finished weld. If cost is an important factor in your stainless steel fabrication it could be that MMA is best, but if you are looking for precision with thin materials TIG is likely going to be the preferred approach. 

MIG welding stainless steel 

To start, as with any welding process, your MIG welding machine should be set up in the correct way for stainless steel. It is recommended that you always fit a Teflon wire liner, as you will be able to get good wire feed and it stops the wire from becoming contaminated. Stainless steel fabrication design might mean this alloy is highly resistant to corrosion, but it is still susceptible to contamination. 

When you are welding stainless steel with MIG, any ferrous material (including steel liner contamination) in the weld pool can easily create rust spots on the finished product. You will also want to ensure your MIG torch is in good condition prior to starting your weld. 

Similar to the aluminium welding process, you might want to buy a larger torch size than you would use for normal steel. This is because welding stainless steel generates more heat, a bigger torch will carry higher amperages better. Going back to the issue of contamination, it is essential that you only use stainless steel wire brushes and grinding/cutting discs whenever you are working with this metal. 

As well as the risk of ferrous contamination with stainless steel, you need to check that your working area is clear of iron or steel dust, or any ferrous oxides. This might sound over the top, but it is essential. 

Thoroughly cleaning your materials and workspaces is always a good practice for successful welding. When it comes to stainless steel, avoiding even the smallest of particles is crucial to avoiding contamination and completing the best weld. 

Next is one of the most easily mistaken parts of MIG, having the correct wire type and diameter. This is project specific as with all parts of the welding process so seek advice if you need tailored guidance. More advice shared in relation to aluminium welding is the importance of clamping and tack welding your workpiece to prevent movement and distortion via cracking. 

What gas is used for MIG welding stainless steel? 

The right choice of gas matters when you are MIG welding stainless steel. You might be using pure argon or a combination of argon and some minor gases to improve starting. Alternatively, you might need a specialist gas mix, particularly if you’ve got more unconventional stainless steels like Inconel, Hastelloy, or Monel alloys. With stainless MIG welding, you will use a slightly increased gas-flow rate of about 14-16 LPM. 

TIG welding stainless steel 

If you are TIG welding stainless steel, you can use a DC-only machine or AC/DC TIG welding machines set in DC mode. The most important thing is to make sure your machine has enough power to weld stainless steel. 

For more information about TIG welding check out our TIG welding guide.

MMA welding stainless steel 

MMA is the easiest of the three welding processes to set up (most importantly, select the right electrode for the weld). In addition, it is the least expensive method for welding stainless alloys. 

As long as you have a welding machine that has stick welding capabilities, all you really need to get started are some suitable rods. In this process, there is no gas, torch, foot pedals, or torch consumables, it is welding in its most basic form. 

Stainless steel will move on a welding table, so make sure you clamp or tack weld it your workpiece. Double check you have chosen the right electrode (316, 308, or 312 are standard). 

Keep in mind that you won’t be able to weld thin sheets of stainless steel. A lot of welders will find it difficult with a sheet of stainless steel that is less than 2mm thick. It all comes down to the lower controllability of the MMA arc for these applications. Whilst thin sheets will be a challenge, welding mild steel to stainless steels or high-carbon tool steels will play to MMA’s strengths. 

Pre-heating usually helps with certain stainless steels as it can help to stop cracking. This is most often done with a blow torch, an oxy acetylene, or oxy propane torch. 

  

For more information about our metal fabrication or stainless steel fabrication services contact the team at FEM today. 

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Stainless steel is constructed with built-in corrosion resistance but in certain conditions it can and will rust, although it won’t be as fast or severe as standard steels. Stainless steels will typically corrode when they are exposed to harmful chemicals, saline, moisture, grease, or heat for extended periods of time. 

The level of protection stainless steel has against corrosion is mostly dependent on how much chromium there is. If there isn’t enough chromium near the surface of the stainless steel, a new chromium oxide layer can’t form when the top layer is scratched off. This leaves the material at risk to multiple different types of corrosion. 

The basics of stainless steel 

To get a better insight into why steel is rust-resistant, and how this resistance can be broken down, it is beneficial to first know how these alloys are different from other steels. 

At the very minimum, stainless steel contains 10.5% of chromium. The chromium quickly reacts with the oxygen that surrounds it and creates a thin oxide layer on the steel’s surface. Unlike iron oxide, which is typically formed in a flaky and corrosive rust, the chromium oxide attaches to the steel. This makes it a better protective barrier. 

Chromium oxide is commonly known as a passive film that covers the iron in the alloy, protecting it from the air and water in the natural environment. It is this film that gives stainless steel its rust-resistance quality. 

Stainless steel is well-known for being low maintenance, and its resistance to oxidation and staining makes it the perfect material for a wide range of applications. 

What types of stainless steel corrosion is there? 

There are four main types of stainless steel corrosion. Each of them presents a different challenge and needs a different approach to effectively deal with it. 

General corrosion 

This is considered to be the safest form of corrosion because it is predictable, manageable, and in most cases, preventable. You will be able to tell it is general corrosion when there is a uniform loss of metal over the entire surface. Stainless steel that has a pH value of less than one is more prone to general corrosion. 

Galvanic corrosion 

Galvanic corrosion mostly affects metal alloys. It usually refers to a situation in which one metal has come into contact with another, resulting in one or both reacting with each other and corroding. 

Pitting corrosion 

This is a localised type of corrosion which leaves holes or cavities. It often occurs when stainless steel is exposed to environments that contain chlorides. 

Crevice corrosion 

Another localised corrosion which forms at the crevice between two joining surfaces. It can happen between two metals or between a metal and a non-metal. 

How to prevent rusting in stainless steel 

When stainless steel begins to rust it can be concerning and not look great either. It is a metal that is specifically designed to resist corrosion so most users will start to worry when they spot stains and rusting on the metal. Fortunately, there are several methods to prevent rusting and improve corrosion resistance at different stages of the stainless steel fabrication process. 

Design 

Taking a proactive stance with stainless steel fabrication design pays off in the long term. Detailed planning in the design phase of stainless steel applications will minimise the risk of water being able to penetrate the material and reduce surface damage potential. In cases where contact with water is unavoidable, drainage holes should be added. The design should allow free air circulation to prevent damage to the alloy. 

Fabrication 

During any stainless steel fabrication work it is important to prevent stainless steel from coming into contact with iron or ordinary steel. This means being extremely careful with work tables, tools, storage units, chains, and steel turning rolls. 

If any cross-contamination occurs with carbon steel dust particles settling onto the stainless steel during the fabrication process, the potential for rust formation increases significantly. Also, any cleaning or grinding tools that have been used with carbon or a low alloy steel should be kept separate from stainless steels. 

Maintenance 

Regular maintenance is an essential part of stainless steel rust prevention, as well as restricting further progression of existing rust. It is important to get rid of any rust that has formed using mechanical or chemical methods. The grime left over can be cleaned using warm water and soap. After the steel has been cleaned, a rust-resistant coating should be added. 

  

Contact us today to find out more about our stainless steel fabrication services and how we can help you. 

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TIG welding (Tungsten inert gas welding) is a sub-type of gas metal arc welding (GMAW). It is a process that uses electricity to both melt and join pieces of metal. This welding method was first invented in the 1940s to tackle the difficulty of welding magnesium and aluminium within the Californian aerospace industry. 

Since then, its popularity has taken off massively and not just in the aerospace industry. This is mostly due to its versatility, cleanliness, minimal finishing requirement, and how efficient it is to use when you want to weld a broad range of different metals. Despite equipment details evolving and adapting from its initial invention, the basic principles of TIG welding remain the same.

How does TIG welding work? 

TIG welding uses electricity to generate an arc (short circuit) between a non-consumable tungsten electrode (positive anode) and the metal being welded (negative cathode). The arc is protected by a stream of inert gas, usually argon. 

A non-consumable tungsten electrode 

Compared to the consumable electrode wire in MIG welding, TIG welding tungsten electrodes have a much higher melting point (c. 6192 degrees Fahrenheit or 3422 degrees Celsius) which means they won’t melt during welding. Instead, the arc that runs between the electrode and the work melts the parent metal. At the same time (unless it is an autogenous weld, like a temporary tack weld), the arc also melts a separate welding rod of filler metal to create the weld bead. 

Inert shielding gas 

The molten weld pool is also covered by an inert shielding gas. Normally, this is argon on its own or an argon mixture, although more experienced TIG welders might opt for helium as it can make for faster welding under specific circumstances. 

The shielding gas is pushed along a supply pipeline from the welding machine to the TIG torch that is holding the tungsten electrode. Like with other types of electric arc welding, when the heat is taken away, the weld pool cools down, solidifies, and creates a new piece of fused metal.  

As a result of this, when you are using a TIG welder for your metal fabrication, you need to co-ordinate the interaction of a hand-held TIG torch with a filler rod on top of varying the electrical current. Ensuring the electrode is the right distance from the weld, holding the filler rod tip in place, keeping both in the shielding gas, and altering the current all contribute to the complexity of TIG welding. 

The versatility of TIG welding 

It is that same complexity that makes the TIG welding process extremely versatile for welding a wide variety of metals. Stainless steel, mild steel, aluminium, copper alloys, magnesium, gold, and titanium can all be welded using the TIG approach. Even metals that are dissimilar can be TIG welded, and all with hardly any mess to clean up at the end. 

Ever since its creation at California’s Northrop Aircraft Corporation, TIG welding has been the top choice amongst welders because of its versatility. In addition to its ability to handle more difficult welds like ‘S’ shapes, corners, and curves. 

What are the benefits of TIG welding? 

• TIG welding can be used for various metal thicknesses. It is even suitable for particularly thin materials that are challenging (or impossible) to join with other welding techniques. 
• Good arc and weld pool control will help you get clean, attractive welds when appearances are important. Due to heat input (decided by the electrical current) normally being controlled with a foot pedal, TIG welding enables you to heat or cool the weld pool for precise control of the weld bead. This makes TIG welding perfect for cosmetic welds on sculptures, automotive work, or architectural features. 
• TIG welding can be done in any position whether it is vertical, horizontal, or overhead. 

• It’s easy to see your whilst welding as there is minimal smoke and the shielding gas is colourless. 
• TIG welding only needs minimal cleaning and finishing which will save you time, effort, and money. This is because it creates less spatter, sparks, smoke, and fumes than other welding processes. 
• TIG welds are much stronger and more resistant to corrosion than other welds. 
• The best TIG welding machines allow you to do traditional stick welding too. 

Are there any disadvantages to TIG welding? 

• TIG welding can be quite slow, especially at the beginning. Even when it is carried out by skilled welders the process is typically slower than other welding methods. 
• Because of how complex it is, TIG welding comes with a steeper learning curve than other types of welding. The rewards you will get when you master it are worth it, but if you’re learning to do it yourself you need time and patience to effectively develop your skills. 
• TIG welding can be quite dangerous outside the controlled environment of a workshop. This is due to the importance of being able to keep a consistent flow of gas over the weld pool. 

 

As you can see, the benefits of TIG welding far outweigh the drawbacks. 

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If you need help with metal fabrication you should contact an experienced fabrication engineer like our team at FEM. Get in touch to discuss your requirements. 

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During any construction project, it is important to feel confident that you are making the right decisions. Especially when it comes to the building material that will be used to create the foundation of the work. So, we have decided to compare two increasingly popular methods of construction, steel frames and timber frames. This will give you a better understanding into which will be the best option for your project. 

Speed of construction 

Generally, both frames are assembled in similar ways, meaning they should be equally quick to set up. The process can take a bit longer with steel framed houses as it requires more tools and labour to put each element together. However, this does mean you have complete peace of mind that the frame is structurally sound. 

Timber frames can come pre-manufactured and can be put together by carpenters or DIY enthusiasts. Whereas steel frames need structural steel fabricators to weld the frame together. If your project is fairly small and time is of the essence timber could be the better option. For large scale projects though, where the frame needs to be expertly put together to ensure its stability in the long term and in any conditions, steel will likely be your best bet. 

Sustainability and impact on the environment 

Becoming more sustainable across all industries and conserving the environment is essential nowadays. This means that the need for environmentally friendly materials is essential. 

Both timber and steel have benefits and drawbacks relating to their environmental impact, so it is important carefully consider the needs of your project and your options before committing to a decision. 

Using a structural steel frame will result in less deforestation than timber, which depends on both forests and the breaking down of natural environments to make space for more plantations. Steel frame construction is more environmentally friendly in this way.  

However, the other side of the argument is that when the need for timber increases, so too does the demand for more forests. This has the benefit of reducing CO2 levels in the air and promote ethical and sustainable use of forests. 

Steel will produce less waste than timber because frames that are made from steel are manufactured in a very precise way. Whereas due to timber being a natural product, there are some imperfections that can render some of the wood unusable. 

Steel requires a lot of energy to create, with the production process leaving large carbon footprints that negatively impact the environment. The advantage of this though is that steel is 100% recyclable. So, after the intense production process, the steel can be used and then reused again. 

The final consideration for sustainability and the environmental impact of these materials is regarding their thermal transfer. It is often argued that metal structures and steel fabrications provide better seals for windows and doors. This means that when it is paired with efficient and high-quality wall insulation, a metal frame would limit heat loss from the windows and walls. 

There is some debate though as some people argue that there is greater thermal transfer in steel than timber. This would reduce the need for heating and cooling systems as the frame would regulate the temperature in the building to the season. 

Robustness 

Steel is renowned for being incredibly strong and durable, meaning it comes fully protected from ants and termites which could destroy a timber frame. It will take a significant amount of effort and maintenance to protect timber from wood-loving insects. Even though the salty air of coastal areas is not a close friend of steel, it is still easier to care for and keep in good condition in comparison to timber. Steel fabrication is simply unmatched in terms of strength and robustness. 

Soundproofing 

Timber is often associated with squeaky homes, which is not ideal when it comes to soundproofing. It’s no secret that the sound insulation of timber frame structures is usually not the best, due to it being such a lightweight material. This means its ability to isolate all types of sound is not as effective as with a steel frame. 

Conclusion 

When it comes down to a steel vs timber frame, your personal preferences and the details of your project will be the main deciding factor. However, as expert structural steel fabricators we naturally feel that steel frames are the favourable option in most projects. Contact us today to find out more about FEM and what we can do for you. 

 

MIG Welding is a process that is an effective alternative compared to MMA. This guide explores everything that you need to know about the process, including the key benefits.  

MIG welding or Metal Inert Gas Welding refers to an arc welding process. It uses a solid continuous wire electrode which is heated and fed directly into the weld pool. Two base materials are then melted together to ensure a join is formed. Along with the electrode, a shielding gas is also fed into the pool. This ensures that it is protected from any contaminants which may be airborne.  

Originally, this process was developed in 1949 and used specifically to weld aluminium. Helium gas was used to protect the weld pool as it was easily accessible. After 1952, this process began to increase in popularity across the UK. Argon was used as a shielding gas and the process was utilised to weld various carbon steels.  

Advantages Of MIG Welding 

 There are various advantages of using MIG welding. For instance, MIG welding is commonly viewed as a better alternative compared to MMA welding. Part of the right for this is that it provides a higher level of productivity as well as a high deposition rate. The process is more productive because a considerable amount of time is saved as welders do not need to repeatedly brush the weld or constantly change over the rods.  

 MIG welding is also considered to be a semi-automatic process, reducing the labour required. Part of the reason for this is that the wire feed rate, as well as the arc length, are controlled by a power source. However, the wire position and travel speed must both be controlled manually. If no manual intervention is required using a mechanised system, then the process is considered to be totally automatic.  

 Simple And Easy To Learn 

 MIG welding will also provide a high level of pool visibility. This ensures that it is easier to create a high quality weld. It also means that MIG welding is simple to learn. Generally speaking, it is possible to learn the process of MIG welding in just a few hours. Some instructors state that they can offer complete training in just 20 minutes. The majority of the time here is spent on learning how to clean the weld. In contrast, tig welding takes a lot more time. This is why MIG welding is often referred to as a “point and shoot” job.  

 Highly Versatile  

 Another key advantage of MIG welding is that it is a versatile solution. It can be used with a range of different metals and alloys through semi-automatic as well as automatic processes. Indeed, it can be used to weld various metals including: 

• Aluminium 
• Stainless steel 
• Mild steel 
• Magnesium  
• Nickel 
• Iron

It can also be used for countless alloys of these metals too.  

Eco-Friendly And Efficient 

 MIG welding is considered to be an efficient and clean process. The shielding gas ensures that there is limited loss of alloying elements when the metal is transferred across the arc. There is also no slag created that needs to be removed and very minor levels of splatter. A quick clean-up ensures that welders can immediately get back to work and continue with this process.  

 Since the process uses a continuously fed wire, this also ensures that welding speed is dramatically increased. This can occur without any impact on the quality of the product that is created.  

Uses Of MIG Welding 

 MIG welding is a process that can be used in a variety of different ways. This is a process that will be useful for a variety of home welding projects. However, it may also be utilised in an industrial setting as well.  

 A key advantage of MIG welding is that it will provide a strong weld for incredible thin metals. This is why it is commonly used to either repair or assemble the body or the interior of vehicles.  

 Indeed, MIG welding is used today in virtually every welding industry. It can be used for medium-sized industrial companies for the construction of ships, pipelines and pressurised vessels.  

 The process is also commonly used in sheet metal factories including body shops. You can even get a MIG welding machine that is perfect for home use.  

 We hope this helps you understand some of the key advantages of the MIG welding process and why it is commonly used across the welding industry today. Clean, efficient and guaranteed to provide high-quality results, there are countless reasons to rely on this process.  

If you would like to know more about our bespoke fabrication services, contact our team who will be happy to help.

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